• Indian Paintings
• Classical Dance Forms
• Folk Dance Forms
• Classical Music
• Puppetry
• Pottery
• Drama/Theatre
• Martial Arts

Literature

• Ancient Indian Literature
• Classical Sanskrit Literature
• Literature in Pali and Prakrit
• Early Dravidian Literature

• Medieval Literature
• Women Poets of Bhakti
• Trends in Medieval Literature
• Modern Indian Literature

Architecture

• Harappan Architecture
• Temple Architecture
• Cave Architecture
• Indo-Islamic Architecture
• Medieval Architecture
• Modern Architecture
• Contribution of Buddhism & Jainism to the Development of Indian Architecture
• Rock Cut Architecture
• Colonial Architecture & the Modern Period

• Socio-economic Condition of People
• European Penetration of India
• British Conquest of India

• British Policies & Their Impact – Economic, Administrative & Socio-cultural
• Socio-cultural Reform Movements
• Uprisings Against British Pre-1857

Growth of Nationalism in India (1858-1905)

• Political, Economic & Administrative Unification of the Country
• Role of Western Education
• Role of Press
• Rediscovery of India’s Past
• Early Political Movements
• Formation of INC
• Era of Moderates

Growth of Militant Nationalism & Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918)

• Swadeshi & Boycott Movement
• Surat Split
• International Influence
• Morley – Minto Reforms
• Growth of Communalism

Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939)

• Mahatma Gandhi – His Ideas & Leadership
• Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
• Rowlatt Act, Satyagrah and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
• Non-cooperation & Khilafat Movement

• Swarajists & No-Changers
• Emergence of New Forces – Socialistic Ideas, Youth & Trade Unionism
• Revolutionary Activity
• Simon Commission & Nehru Report
• Civil Disobedience Movement
• Round Table Conferences
• Communal Award & Poona Pact
• Participation in Elections to Central Legislature (1934) & Provincial Assemblies (1937)
• Government of India Act, 1935

Towards Freedom & Partition (1939-1947)

• National Movement During World War II
• August Offer
• Individual Satyagraha
• Growth of Communalism
• Peasant Movements
• State People’s Struggle
• Cripps Mission
• Quit India Movement
• Wavell Plan
• INA & Subhash Chandra Bose
• Cabinet Mission
• Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II
• Independence with Partition

• Partition and Its Aftermath
• Integration of Princely States
• Reorganisation of States
• Issue of Official Language
• Tribal Consolidation
• Regional Aspirations

Foreign Policy

• Non-Aligned Movement
• Panchsheel
• Wars with Pakistan & China
• Nuclear Policy

Economy

• Planned Development
• Green Revolution, Operation Flood & Cooperatives

• Agrarian & Land Reforms
• Industrial Reforms
• LPG Reforms

Polity

• Era of One-Party Dominance
• Emergence of Opposition Parties
• Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order
• Rise of Regional Parties
• Coalition Era

Social

• Popular Movements
• Communalism
• Indian Women Since Independence
• Naxalism

• Renaissance
• Discovery of Sea Routes
• Reformation
• Counter Reformation
• European Nations Settle North America
• Rise of Slave Trade
• American War of Independence
• French Revolution
• Nationalism in Europe
• Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism & Imperialism

World War I

• Causes of the War
• Scope & Course of the War
• Russian Revolution
• End of the War & Peace Treaties
• Consequences of the War
• League of Nations

World Between the Two Wars

• Europe After the War – Fascism & Nazism
• The Great Depression
• Emergence of Soviet Union
• Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa
• US as a Strong Power

• Fascist Aggression & Response of Western Democracies
• Outbreak of the War
• Theatres of the War
• US Entry into the War
• Global Nature of the War
• The Holocaust
• Resistance Movements
• After-effects of the War

Decolonialisation & Redrawal of National Boundaries

• Europe after World War II
• Cold War
• Rise of Asia & Africa
• Developments in West Asia & North Africa
• Spread of Communism
• Korean War
• Vietnam War
• Cuban Crisis
• Collapse of Soviet Union

Concept, Types & Social Impact of Political Philosophies

• Communism
• Capitalism
• Socialism

• Diversity (Types – caste, linguistic, social and religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, culture)
• Challenges posed by Diversity
• Unity
• Pluralism

• Unity in Diversity
• Inequality and Exclusion
• Family System
• Examples of above.

• Women’s Organisations – Empowerment through Action
• 19^th Century Social Reform Movements and Early Women’s Organisations – (1) Agrarian Struggles and Revolt, (2) Participation in Freedom Struggle
• Women’s Organisations Post – 1947

• Resurgence of Women’s Movement in the 70s: (1) Emergence of New Organisations, (2) Approaches and Issues
• Contemporary Women’s Issues & Organisation Response
• Women’s Organisations and SHGs
• Challenges faced by Women’s Organisations

• Basic Demography of India
• Population Trends in India and their Implications
• Causes and Effects of Over Population
• Challenges of Population Explosion

• Changing Age Structure of Indian Population
• Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane for India
• Population Aging in India
• India’s Population Policy & Initiatives

• Concept of Development and Poverty
• Types of Poverty
• Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Line
• Causes of Poverty
• Poverty as a Social Problem
• Socio-economic Spread of Poverty
• Consequences of Poverty –
  • Inequality
  • Continuation of Vicious Cycle
  • Who are worst affected by poverty?

• Problem of Rising Urban Poverty
• Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
• Policy shift from “Trickle Down” Economics to Inclusive or Pro-poor Development to Reduce Poverty
• Relation between Poverty Reduction and Development: Poverty-Inequality-Development Nexus

• Urbanisation Trends in India and Their Implications – Demographic and Social Dimensions
• Factors Driving Urbanisation
• State of Service Delivery and Challeges posed by Urbanisation
• Problems of Urban Areas

• Social Consequences of Urbanisation
• Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas
• Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
• Reforms Required and Government Initiatives Taken So Far
• Problems of Slums

• Understanding Globalisation – Its Different Dimensions
• Globalisation & Culture – Homogenisation vs. Glocalisation
• Factors Driving Globalisation

• Globalisation & India
• Impact of Globalisation on India – Socio-cultural, economic, on women, agrarian sector etc.
• Does Globalisation cause Poverty?

• Which are the Socially Disadvantaged Groups?
• Dimensions of Social Empowerment

• Government Initiatives to Aide Social Empowerment

• Communalism – Its Characteristics
• Communalism in India in the Past
• Communalism in Contemporqary India
• Causes of Communalism

• Consequences of Communalism
• Measures to Control & Eradicate Communalism
• Secularism as an Antidote to Communalism

• Concept of Region & Regionalism
• Different Forms of Regionalism
• Regionalism in India
• Causes of Regionalism
• Concept of ‘Sons of Soil’

• Consequences of Regionalism
• Federalism & Regionalism
• Role of Regional Parties
• Measures to Contain Regionalism
• Regionalism in the International Sphere

• Concept of Secularism
• Indian Model of Secularism
• Secularism in India
• Nature & Practice of Secularism in India

• Uniform Civil Code
• Challenges faced by Secularism in India
• Measures to Make India Truly Secular

• Origin & Evolution of Earth
• Interior of the Earth
• Distribution of Continents & Oceans
• Plate Tectonic Theory
• Distribution of Earthquakes & Volcanoes
• Rocks & Rock Cycle
• Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Exogenic
• Landforms & their Evolution

Oceanography

• Hydrological Cycle
• Seafloor Spreading
• Ocean Floor Configuration

• Temperature & Salinity of Oceans
• Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Currents

Climatology

• Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & Structure
• Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Temperature
• Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Systems
• World Climate (examples)

Soil Geography

• Soil & Soil Contents
• Process of Soil Formation
• Soil Forming Factors
• Types of Soils (examples)
• Soil Erosion & Conservation

• On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.

Land Resources

• Land Utilisation
• Land Use Pattern
• Land Degradation & Conservation

Forest Resources

• Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Forests etc.
• Causes of Depletion
• Conservation of Forests

Water Resources

• Marine & Freshwater
• Water Scarcity & Need For Conservation

• Integrated Water Resources Management

Agricultural Resources

• Types of Farming
• Cropping Patterns
• Contribution to Economy, Employment & Output
• Food Security

Mineral & Energy Resources

• Classification of Minerals – Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
• Occurrence of Minerals
• Conservation of Minerals
• Classification of Energy Resources – Conventional & Non-Conventional
• Occurrence of Energy Resources
• Conservation of Energy Resources

Location & Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of

• Raw Material
• Labour
• Market
• Capital
• Land
• Grants & Financial Incentives

• Power
• Transport
• Water
• Communication

Distribution of Major Industries – Iron & Steel, IT, Cotton Textile

Agglomeration & Footloose Industries

• Why Does Earth Shake?
• Earthquake Waves
• Shadow Zone
• Types of Earthquake
• Measuring Earthquake
• Effects of Earthquake

Tsunami

• What Causes Tsunami
• Effect of Tsunami
• Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami

• Types of Volcanoes
• What Causes Volcanoes?
• Volcanic Landforms

Cyclone

• Tropical Cyclones
• Anti-Cyclone
• Extra Tropical Cyclones

• Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features
• Examples of Changing Geographicl Features – Mealting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.

• Impact of Changing Geographical Features